黄皮种子中酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性研究

为了解黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性,运用多种色谱学及波谱学方法分离并鉴定了10个酰胺类生物碱,分别为:N-甲基桂皮酰胺(1),clausenalansamide A(2),3-dehydroxy-3-methoxyl-clausenalansamide A(3),clausenalansamide B(4),黄皮新肉桂酰胺B(5),N-(2-苯乙基)肉桂酰胺(6),2′-dehydroxy-2′-oxo-clausenalansamide B(7),lansamide-7(8),homoclausenamide(9),1,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-one(10)。其中,化合物3,7,10为新天然产物。首次对黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱2~8进行全齿复活线虫致死活性的测试,发现所测化合物均有致死活性,其中,化合物2,3,5和8有较强的致死活性,且均优于阳性对照除线磷,可为相关农药的研发提供科学依据。     

成果导向教育理念(OBE)下的环境工程微生物学课程教学改革与实践

环境工程微生物学是环境类专业的学科基础课,该课程对学生的知识架构以及应用技能的培养起到了重要支撑作用。为了实现该课程定位目标,达到课程的学习预期,我们将成果导向教育理念(Outcomes-based education,OBE)引入到环境工程微生物学课程教学改革实践中,提出在环境工程微生物学课程教学中实施逆向设计、正向实施的原则,即根据课程定位制定环境工程微生物学的预期学习产出,在预期学习产出的基础上优化教学过程,如对教学内容进行取舍,增强环境工程微生物学与其他课程的协调性,在教学实施中强化学生的主体地位,通过教学方法的改革促成预期学习产出,构建合理的学习评价体系。尽管将OBE理念引入到教学实施中取得了一些成效,但该体系的建设还有待于进一步完善。     

Identification and expression of epidermal growth factor gene in mouse testis

INTRODUCTIONEpidermalgrowthfactor(EGF)wasinitiallyisolatedandpurifiedfromthesubmaxillarygland(SMG)ofmalemouse[1].Itisapolypeptidecomposedof53aminoacidresidues[2].Itinfluencescellproliferationanddifferentiationandmodulatesthegrowthanddevelopmentofmammalianorgans[3--7].AnoteworthyfindingisthatextirpationofmouseSMGresultsinamarkedreductionofserumEGFconcentrationassociatedwithanimpairedspermatogenesis[3].ThisfindingsuggeststhatEGFmayregulatespermproductionanddifferentiation.Inhumantest…     

Visualization of chromatin folding patterns in chicken erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy （AFM）

The organization of the higher order structure of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined with tapping-mode scanning force microscopy under conditions close to their native envirinment.Reproducible highresolution AFM images of chromatin compaction at several levels can be demonstrated.An extended beads-on-astring (width of - 15-20nm,height of - 2-3nm for each individual nucleosome) can be consistently observed.Furthermore,superbeade (width of - 40nm,height of - 7nm) are demonstrated.Visualization of the solenoid conformation at the level of 30nm chromatin fiber is attained either by using AFM or by using electron microscopy.In addition,tightly coiled chromatin fibers (- 50-60nm and - 90-110nm) can be revealed.Our data suggest that the chromatin in the interphase nucleus of chicken erythrocyte represents a high-order conformation and AFM provides useful high-resolution structural information concerning the folding pattern of interphase chromatin fibers.     

An efficient method to handle the ‘large <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>, small <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>’ problem for genomewide association studies using Haseman–Elston regression

The ‘large p, small n’ problem in genomewide association studies (GWAS) is an important subject in genetic studies. Many approaches have been proposed for this issue, but none of them successfully combine the Haseman–Elston (H–E) regression with sliding-window scan approaches in GWAS. In this article, we extended H–E regression to GWAS, and replaced original data with different measurements of phenotype of sib pairs. Meanwhile, we also applied hidden Markov model to infer identity by state. Using subsequent simulation studies, we found that it had higher statistical power than the corresponding single-marker association studies. The advantage of the H–E regression was also sufficient to capture about 48.01% of the quantitative trait locus (QTL). Meanwhile, the results show that the power decreases with the increase in the number of QTLs, and the power of H–E regression is sensitive to heritability.     

红松结实量与松果可利用量对松鼠和花鼠贮食行为的影响

植物通过每隔几年产生大量种子的丰年策略提高贮食动物传播种子效率,但人为采摘活动降低了种子的可利用量,从而影响贮食动物行为及种群动态。为研究红松球果采摘如何通过降低松果可利用量而影响贮食动物行为,我们基于黑龙江凉水自然保护区2003-2012年红松结实量和采摘量的变化,比较分析了结实大小年间松鼠贮点大小、贮点深度、贮食密度和贮藏量、松鼠花鼠种群以及2010年和2011年花鼠洞穴贮藏量的差异。结果显示：结实大年松鼠的平均贮点大小显著高于小年,大贮点比例增加,贮食密度和贮藏量也明显高于结实小年,但随着结实量的增大,球果采摘量增加,使松果可利用量减少,由此结实大年2011年松鼠贮食密度并未随结实量增加而增加,反而低于2003年和2008年,松鼠遇见率也没有在该结实大年有所增长。而花鼠种群和洞穴松籽贮藏量在结实大年和小年间没有显著差异。研究表明红松球果采摘对松果可利用量和松鼠贮食行为有较大影响,应合理确定大年的采摘量以保证贮食动物的食物丰度,维系红松生态系统健康。     

中华水韭对不同营养条件的生理生态响应

采用水培法,研究了不同营养条件对中华水韭叶片生理生化特性和光合荧光特性的影响。结果显示:随着营养液中氮、磷浓度的升高,中华水韭叶片的生理生化特性除叶绿素含量呈下降的变化趋势外,可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)均呈上升趋势,而过氧化物酶活性(POD)则呈先上升后下降的趋势;同时叶片光合荧光特性中除非光化学猝灭系数(qN)呈上升的趋势外,PSⅡ的最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、有效量子产量(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、最大潜在相对电子传递速率(Pm)以及快速光响应曲线初始斜率(α)和半饱和光强(Ik)均呈下降的趋势。研究表明,随着水体氮、磷浓度的升高,中华水韭在中度营养条件下(N 0.4mg·L~(-1)、P0.04mg·L~(-1))耐受性较好,但在高营养条件下(N 1.2mg·L~(-1)、P 0.12mg·L~(-1))耐受性较差,其渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力上升,但光合作用能力下降,抑制了中华水韭的正常光合生理活动,进而影响其生长,推测水体富营养化可能是造成中华水韭濒危的重要原因之一。     

鸡miR-21的组织表达谱及其功能预测分析

已知miR-21在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的调控作用,然而有关鸡miR-21功能的研究尚未见报道。为了解鸡miR 21的潜在生物学功能,采用qRT-PCR检测了固始鸡5个发育阶段、15种组织中miR-21的表达情况。同时,利用Pictar和TargetScan算法预测了miR-21的靶基因并对预测的靶基因进行了Gene Ontology分析和通路分析。结果显示,miR-21的表达具有明显的时序特征,除14胚龄鸡的小脑和腺胃外,胚胎期各组织中miR-21的表达水平均显著低于出壳后对应组织的表达水平;出壳后鸡的下丘脑、大脑、小脑、小肠、肝脏、胸肌和肾脏等组织中miR-21的表达水平随发育进程均显著上调。生物信息学分析显示,预测的miR-21的靶基因在基因表达调控、大分子代谢调控、转录调控、细胞代谢调控、细胞衰老和增殖、呼吸系统发育、骨骼发育、心脏发育和神经系统发育等广泛的生物学过程中显著富集。总之,鸡miR-21为广泛性时序表达miRNA,可能参与鸡出壳后诸多器官发育相关的生物学过程的调控。     

Study of Factors for Cultivating the Orchid Species Gastrodia elata,a Traditional Chinese Medicine

The orchid speices Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely applied for treating a variety of diseases. The yield of wild Gelata is very limited since its vegetative growth is exclusively dependent on its symbiosis with the fungus Armillaria mellea, from which Gelata is able to obtain nutrients from rotten wood in the forest. To develop a standard for cultivating Gelata in large quantities, four factors that may influence the yield of Gelata need to be further investigated, including cultivation environment, inoculation volume of Armillaria, wood from different tree species, and the effect of fertilizer on the maturation of Gelata. To optimize these factors, a large scale orthogonal experiment was performed in the farmland of Xiaocaoba, Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. Among the four factors tested, inoculation of Armillaria played the most important role in the maturation of Gelata. The yield of mature tubers, in terms of both tuber weight and quantity, on open ground is greater than that in forested areas. Of the 12 tree species tested, Dipentodon sinicus stimulated the largest amount of growth of Armillaria and produced the greatest yield of Gelata in the farmland. In comparison to the other factors tested, fertilizer showed no effect on the yield of G-elata.     

髋臼粉碎性骨折治疗方法的选择与预后探讨

目的:研究髋臼粉碎性骨折采用骨牵引与手术治疗的疗效的比较。方法:将118例髋臼粉碎骨折患者分为骨牵引组(74例)和手术组(44例),分别进行比较。结果:骨牵引组解剖复位10例(13.5%)、满意复位26例(35.1%),自我感觉优8例(10.8%)、良24例(32.4%);手术组解剖复位9例(40.9%)、满意复位12例(54.5%),自我感觉优7例(31.8%))、良9例(40.9%)。结论:手术治疗髋臼粉碎性骨折疗效明显优于骨牵引。